Efficient construction and enriched selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of PVA/PANI/TiO2 recyclable hydrogel by electron beam radiation

Enriched selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Polyaniline/TiO₂ (PVA/PANI/TiO₂, noted as PAT) recyclable hydrogel photocatalyst with 3D structures were prepared by self-assembling and electron beam radiation crosslingking method. TiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully introduced into the 3D matrix of the PVA/PANI hydrogel and manifested by FTIR, TG, XRD, XPS, and SEM-EDS. The microstructure of PAT was characterized further by SEM, TEM, and BET. The highly selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of PAT was tested by the degradation of cationic or anionic dye and reduction of heavy metal ion in a closed and flow system under UV light irradiation. The results showed that PAT had a highest selective adsorption-photocatalytic performance at the appropriate content of PVA (10 wt %), TiO₂ (15 wt %) and suitable radiation dose (50 kGy), which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of excellent selective adsorption and effective photocatalytic degradation. The mechanism of selective adsorption-photocatalytic on PAT was revealed synchronously in this study. Particularly, the novel PAT photocatalyst with 3D network structure also affords ease of separation and recycling, which is beneficial to water purification in a flow system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48516.     

2,4-Dichlorophenol molecularly imprinted two-dimensional photonic crystal hydrogels

A novel molecularly imprinted two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal hydrogels (MIPH) for sensitive and label-free recognition of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was prepared. The 2-D photonic crystal template was fabricated by using air-water interface self-assembly method. And then the template was embedded with molecularly imprinted polymer, which was synthesized with 2,4-DCP as imprinted molecules, dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent, acrylic acid and acrylamide as functional monomers, N,N-methylene bis acrylamide as cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The imprinted molecules were removed by 0.01 M ammonia solution. The results indicated that the 2,4-DCP molecularly imprinted 2-D photonic crystal hydrogels has good response and recognition ability to 2,4-DCP. When the molar ratio of cross-linking density of MIPH is 2.3% and the molar ratio of imprinting molecule is 5.0%, the change of Debye ring diameter is the largest. The diameter of Debye ring increased by 7.1 mm when the concentration of 2,4-DCP changed from 0 to 1 × 10⁻⁶ M, and the particle spacing of MIPH reduced 38 nm. In addition, the diameter of the Debye ring hardly changed in the solution of analogues of 2,4-DCP such as, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and so on, indicating that the MIPH has highly sensitivity and specificity.     

水电项目总承包成本风险系统动力学识别模型

水电工程的建设一般投资大、周期长,受自然环境、技术手段和市场波动等内外部不确定因素影响较大,所以成本变动可能性很大。总承包商要避免成本风险带来的不利影响就必须了解项目成本变动的影响因素并采取有效措施。系统动力学通过动态分析和反馈来帮助决策者理解复杂系统的结构和特点。本文提出了运用系统动力学进行总承包成本风险识别的基本思路,从风险模型结构要素及作用机理方面进行了论述,运用Vensim PLE软件绘出风险结构图,建立了风险识别模型,揭示了风险因素及其内在联系,对成本风险进行反馈识别,从而降低项目成本中威胁的负面影响,提高总承包商对建设项目的管理水平。